Design Strategies of Silicon-Based Anode Composites for Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/pqchwg18Keywords:
Lithium-ion battery; silicon-based anode material; composite material.Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a key energy storage technology as the world rapidly moves toward renewable energy and electric transportation. The rather limited capacity (372 mAh/g) of the conventional graphite anodes hinders its application in high-energy-density and fast-charging systems. Silicon-based anode materials, which possess an ultrahigh theoretical capacity (4200 mAh/g) and are rich in resources, offer a promising alternative. Nevertheless, the severe volume expansion of more than 300 % during cycling has brought structural degradation and a rapid decline in capacity. This review focuses on the design of silicon-based composite anode materials, methodically reviewing current developments in ceramic-reinforced systems like Si/TiN hybrids, carbon-based composites including core-shell structures and porous networks, and nanostructures. Studies show that carbon frameworks can effectively cushion volume changes and boost conductivity, while ceramic phases enhance the interfacial stability and restrain electrolyte decomposition. Despite notable improvements in cycle life and energy density, challenges still remain in terms of scalable manufacturing costs and complex synthesis procedures. Future research needs to place emphasis on balancing the silicon content with stability, working on the development of cost-effective synthesis methods, and devising multifunctional interfaces. Tackling these issues will speed up the commercialization of high-energy, long-cycle-life LIBs, thereby pushing forward the global endeavors towards carbon neutrality.
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